EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION 1

These MCQs are intended for checking your Biology Chapter EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION, knowledge.

Choose the correct ones.
I. Efferent arteriole carries the blood away from the glomerulus toward renal vein.
II. Afferent arteriole carries the blood to renal vein.
III. Podocytes form minute spaces(slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.
IV. In Henle's loop is maximum reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate.
The correct option is

1. I, II and III

2. Only III

3. Only IV

4. III and IV

Identify the true statements and choose the correct option accordingly.
I. Blood vessel leading to the glomerulus is called efferent arteriole.
II. Vasa recta , peritubular capillaries and glomerulus, all have blood.
III. Cortical nephrons have highly reduced vasa recta.
IV.VasarectarunsparalleltotheHenle'sloopinthejuxta-medullarynephron.

1. (D)II, III and IV

2. (A)I, II and III

3. (C)I, III and IV

4. (B)I, II and IV

The cortical part that extends between medullary pyramids as renal columns are called

1. column of Martini

2. columns of Bertini

3. columns of renal

4. columns of kidney

Which of the following structures are situated in the cortical region of the kidney? I. Malpighian corpuscle II. PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) III. DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule) IV. Loop of Henle V. Collecting duct

1. I, II and III

2. II, III and IV

3. IV, V and I

4. III, IV and V

The human kidney has about

1. three million nephrons

2. one million nephrons

3. ten million nephrons

4. two million nephrons

Different types of excretory structures and animal are given below match them appropriately a mark the correct answer from among these given below.

Column I		Column II
A.	Protonephridia	1.	Prawn
B.	Nephridia	2.	Cockroach
C.	Malpighian tubules	3.	Earthworm
D.	Green gland/ Antennary gland	4.	Flatworms

1. A- 4, B-3, C- 1, D-2

2. A-2, B- 3, C- 1, D-2

3. A- 4, B- 3, C-2, D-1

4. A- 2, B-3, C-2, D-4

Which of the following pairs is wrong?

1. ureotelic……elephant

2. uricotelic….. birds

3. ureotelic….. insects

4. ammonotelic……tadpole

Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by ...A..., a fine branch of renal artery. Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an …B… Select the correct option for A and B.

1. vasa recta, Bowman'a capsule

2. vasa recta, afferent arteriole

3. afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole

4. None of the above

In…… nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of nitrogenous pellet.

1. None of these

2. fishes [1]

3. reptiles

4. sponges

Flame cells or protonephridia are the excretory structures in

1. arthropods

2. platyhelminthes

3. crustaceans

4. annelids

The excretory organ in crustaceans, like prawns is

1. nephridia

2. antennary glands

3. flame cells

4. Malpighian tubules

In juxta-medullary nephrons

1. All

2. vasa recta is prominent

3. loop of Henle is long

4. loop of Henle runs deep into the medulla

In the glomerulus of the nephron, the afferent arteriole is

1. wider than efferent arteriole

2. narrower than efferent arteriole

3. of some diameter as efferent arteriole

4. of same diameter as vasa recta

Match the following columns.

Column I (Excretory structure)		Column II (Examples)
A.	Simple tubular forms	1.	Annelids
B.	Complex tubular forms	2.	Platyhelminthes and Rotifers
C.	Protonephridia or flame cells	3.	Vertebrates
D.	Nephridia	4.	Most Invertebrates

1. A-1 B- 2, C- 4, D-3

2. A- 1, B- 2, C-3, D-4

3. A- 4, B-3, C- 1, D-2

4. A- 4 B-3, C-2, D-1

Why terrestrial organism excrete lesser toxic nitrogenous waste?

1. It is easy to excrete less toxic substances

2. For conservation of water

3. To facilitate simple diffusion

4. For maintaing osmolarity

Inner to the hilum of the kidney, there is a broad as funnel-shaped space called

1. adrenal gland

2. medulla

3. cortex

4. renal pelvis

The process of excretion involves

1. removal of the substances which have never been used by the body

2. byproducts removal formed during useful activities in the body

3. removal of useful substances from the body

4. removal of metabolic waste from the body

Identify A-D in the following structure and tick the correct option for A, B, C and D.

1. A—Efferent arteriole, B—Afferent arteriole, C—Bowman's capsule, D—DCT

2. A—Efferent arteriole, B—Efferent arteriole, C—Bowman's capsule, D—DCT

3. A—Afferent arteriole, B—Efferent arteriole, C—Bowman's capsule, D—Proximal convoluted tubule

4. A—Efferent arteriole, B—Afferent arteriole, C—Bowman's capsule, D—DCT

The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic form among them

1. uric acid

2. CO2

3. amoonia

4. urea

Study the given structure and match A, B, C, D, E. F and G with correct option.

1. A-Afferent arteriole, B-Proximal convoluted tubule, C-Henle's loop, D-Distal convoluted tubule, E- Peritubular capaillaries, F- Collecting duct, G-Vasa recta

2. A-Afferent arteriole, B-Henlc's loop. C- Collecting duct, D-PCT, E-DCT. F-Peritubular capilla, G-Vasa recta

3. A-Efferent arteriole, B-PCT, C-Henle's loop, D-DCT, E-Peritubular capillaries, F- Collecting duct, G-Vasa recta

4. A-Afferent arteriole, B-Peritubular capillaries, C-Henle's loop, D-DCT. E-PCT, F-Collecting duet. G- Vasa recta

Arrange the following parts of the nephron in a sequential manner and select the correct option accordingly.

I. Glomerulus II. Bowman's capsule III. Henle's loop IV. Proximal convoluted tubule V. Collecting duct VI. Distal convoluted tubule

1. VI-III-II-I-VI-V

2. I-II-IV-III-V-VI

3. I-II-III-IV-V-VI

4. I-II-IV-III-VI

Aquatic animals excrete ammonia. Which of the following statements does not support this statement?

1. Ammonia is released from the body in gaseous state

2. Ammonia gets converted into less toxic form called urea and uric acid

3. Ammonia is highly toxic and needs to be eliminated as and when formed

4. Ammonia is easily soluble in water

Accessory excretory I. skin II. lungs III. liver IV. sebaceous gland

Choose the correct option.

1. II and III

2. III and IV

3. I, II, III, and IV

4. I and II

Choose the correct ones.
I. Vasa recta is lacking in cortical nephrons.
II. Maximum number of nephrons in kidney are juxta-medullary type.
III. DCT of many nephrons open into collecting tubule.
IV. During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.
V. When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.
VI. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin -II.

The correct option is

1. I and IV

2. I and V

3. Only II

4. V and VI

In ureotelic animals, ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into area in

1. lungs

2. spleen

3. kidney

4. liver

Match the following columns

Column I		Column II
A.	Delivers blood to glomerulus	1.	Ascending and descending limb
B.	Carries urine to pelvis	2.	Renal artery
C.	Collects filtrate from Bowman’s capsule	3.	Collecting duct
D.	Loop of Henle	4.	Proximal convoluted tubules

1. A- 2, B-3, C-1, D-4

2. A- 2, B-3, C- 4, D-1

3. A- 1, B- 3, C-2, D-1

4. A-1, B- 2, C- 3, D-4

Order of toxicity among ammonia, area and uric acid (from lower to higher) is

1. uric acid < urea < ammonia

2. ammonia < urea < uric acid

3. urea < uric acid < ammonia

4. uric acid < ammonia < urea

In cortical nephrons,

1. the DCT is short

2. the PCT is very long

3. loop of Henle is short

4. loop of Henle is long

The U-shaped minute vessel that runs parallel to the Henle's loop is

1. None of the above

2. vasa recta

3. collecting duct

4. glomerulus

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A-D. Select option, which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/of functions?

1. A-Adrenal gland-located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines, which stimulate glycogen breakdown

2. C-Medulla-inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons

3. D-Cortex-outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons

4. B-Pelvis-broad funnel shaped space inner to Medulla , directly connected to loops of Henle

Animals accumulates waste like urea, uric acid, Co2, H2o, ions like Na+, K+, Cl-, phosphate, sulphate, etc., by

1. metabolic activities

2. Both (metabolic activities) and (excess ingestion)

3. excretion

4. excess ingestion

I. The outer layer of the kidney is called capsule. II. Cortex is divided into outer cortex and inner medulla. III. Medulla is divided into medullary pyramids. IV. The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids which is called as columns of Bertini.

Identify the correct statements and Choose the correct option accordingly

1. I, and IV

2. I, II, and III

3. I, III and IV

4. I, II, III and IV

In majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle's is found in the

1. pelvis region of the kidney

2. medullary region of the kidney

3. Both (a) and (b)

4. cortical region of the kidney

Structural and functional unit of the kidney is

1. nephron

2. nephridia

3. hilum

4. medulla

Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of

1. birds

2. mammals

3. insects

4. reptiles

Which one of the following statement is incorrect?

1. The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into the calyces

2. Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis

3. Renal corpuscle, Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney.

4. Glomerulus along with Bowman's capsule is called the renal corpuscle

Malpighian body or renal corpuscle is/are

1. Bowman's capsule

2. Glomerulus

3. Both (a) and (b)

4. PCT

Excretion of nitrogenous products in the semisolid form is performed by

1. ammonotelic organisms

2. ureotelic organisms

3. All of the above

4. uricotelic organisms s in

Choose the correct statement.

1. The ascending limb of Henle's loop extends as the DCT

2. The PCT and DCT are situated in the medulla of the kidney

3. The juxta-medullary nephrons have reduced Henle's loop

4. Vasa recta is well developed in cortical nephrone

Which of the following organism is/are ammonotelic?

1. Bony fishes

2. Both (Aquatic amphibians) and (Bony fishes)

3. Aquatic amphibians

4. Mammals

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is lined by

1. Columnar epithelium

2. Stratified epithelium

3. squamous epithelium

4. Cuboidal epithelium

Identify A-D in the given structure and choose the correct option accordingly.

1. A-Urethra, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Calyx

2. A-Calyx. B-Cortex, C-Ronal column. D-Urethra

3. A-Urethra, B-Calyx, C-Renal column, D-Cortex

4. A-Calyx, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Ureter

The medullary pyramids projects into the

1. cortex

2. calyx

3. None of these

4. Renal pelvis

Among ammonia, uric acid and urea, which one is the most soluble'?

1. Urea

2. Both(Ammonia) and (Uric acid)

3. Ammonia

4. Uric acid

Choose correct statement.
I. Juxta medullary nephrons have reduced Henle's loop.
II. Vasa recta is well developed in juxta-medullary region of cortical nephron.
III. PCT and DCT situated in medulla.
IV. Glomerulus encloses the Bowman's capsule.
V. The ascending limb of the Henle's loop extends as DCT.

1. Only V

2. II and III

3. I and II

4. V and IV

Among ammonia, uric acid and urea; which one needs the least amount of water to excrete?

1. Uric acid

2. Both (Uric acid) and (Urea)

3. Urea

4. Ammonia

Match the following columns.

Column I		Column II
A.	Ammonotelic	1.	Aquatic invertebrates
B.	Ureotelic	2.	Reptiles
C.	Uricotelic	3.	Birds
D.		4.	Amphibians

1. A- 2,3 B-1, C-4

2. A- 1, B-4, C- 2,3

3. A-1,2 B- 3, C- 4

4. A- 4, B- 3, C-1,2

We can produce a concentrated/dilute urine. This is facilitated by a special mechanism. Identify the mechanism.

1. Reabsorption from collecting duct

2. Reabsorption from PCT

3. Reabsorption/secretion in DCT

4. Counter-current mechanism in Henle's loop/vasa recta

Each nephron has two parts, which are

1. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

2. Bowman's capsule and renal tubule

3. Bowman's capsule and PCT

4. Glomerulus and renal tubule

Name the types of nephrons where vasa recta is absent.

1. Juxta-medullary nephrons

2. Medullary nephrons

3. Both (Medullary nephrons) and (Cortical nephrons)

4. Cortical nephrons

Part of the kidney through which the ureter, blood vessels and nerves enters into it is

1. renal cortex

2. hilum

3. urethra

4. renal medulla

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